RISCO, RACIONALIDADE E OS LIMITES DA PRECAUÇÃO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26694/pensando.v3i6.989Keywords:
Risco, racionalidade, precauçãoAbstract
O princípio da precaução (PP) vem sendo frequentemente invocado em discussões sobre os usos a serem feitos dos resultados de vários dos avanços tecnológicos recentes. Como tal, o PP se oferece como um princípio absoluto para decisões reguladoras de práticas que se apropriam de tais avanços tecnológicos. Porém, um dos problemas centrais do PP está em sua falta de clareza conceitual. O propósito central deste artigo é contribuir para tal esclarecimento. Diante disto, discutiremos o PP a partir de dois pontos de vista: um referente à racionalidade epistêmica; o outro referente à moralidade. Argumentaremos que compromissos relacionados a estes pontos de vista compõem o PP e, contrariamente à expressiva tendência na literatura contemporânea de interpretar o PP como obedecendo a uma lógica consequencialista de ações, tentaremos mostrar que o PP é um princípio que expressa um ideal deontológico. Por fim, consideraremos alguns problemas relacionados ao PP. Mais especificamente, argumentaremos que o PP incorpora ideais substantivos epistêmicos e morais, contrariamente à tendência disseminada entre defensores do mesmo, que sugerem que o PP é um princípio formal e trivial para invidíduos racionais e morais.
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