GIRO ESTÉTICO Y VANGUARDIA: ACERCA DE LA INFLUENCIA DEL PRAGMATISMO DE JOHN DEWEY EN ARTISTAS NORTEAMERICANOS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26694/pensando.v10i20.8678Palavras-chave:
Pragmatismo, Federal Art Project, Black Mountain College, neovanguardias, educación, democraciaResumo
En la vasta producción del filósofo pragmatista John Dewey (1859-1952) la estética y la filosofía del arte ocupan un rol central a partir de la década del veinte, lo que puede denominarse su giro estético. El objetivo de este artículo, a través de un enfoque histórico-filosófico, es mostrar la influencia de este giro en el desarrollo de las artes en Estados Unidos. En la primera sección se exponen los tres ejes de la estética del pensador pragmatista que más han influido en los artistas norteamericanos luego de la publicación de Art as Experience (1934). En la segunda y tercera sección se investigan los vínculos entre las filosofías del arte y de la educación de Dewey y dos instituciones claves para el desarrollo del arte norteamericano: el Black Mountain College y el Federal Art Project. Finalmente, se muestra la centralidad del pragmatismo deweyano en las neovanguardias estadounidenses y la originalidad de su aporte en la definición del concepto de contracultura, tal como se desarrolló después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
Referências
ADAMIC, Louis. “Education on a Mountain: The Story of Black Mountain College”. Harper’s Monthly Magazine, 172 (1936). 516-530.
ALBERS, Josef. “Art as Experience”. Progressive Education 12. 6 (1935). 391-393.
----------. “A Note on the Arts in Education”. American Magazine of Art 29.4 (1936). 233.
ALEXANDER, Thomas M. John Dewey’s Theory of Art, Experience and Nature: The Horizons of Feeling. Albany: Suny Press, 1987.
BALL, Hugo. La huida del tiempo. Trad. de Roberto Bravo de la Varga. Barcelona, Acantilado, 2005 [1927].
BARBEREAU, Yoann. “Expérience et performance. Fragments d'un dialogue pragmatiste”. Revue d'Esthétique 44. (2003). 25-36.
BEARDSLEY, Monroe. Aesthetics from Classical Greece to the Present: A Short History. Nueva York: The Macmillan Co., 1966.
BERUBE, Maurice R. “John Dewey and the Abstract Expressionists”. Educational Theory 48 (1998). 211–227.
BUETTNER, Stewart. “John Dewey and the Visual Arts in America”. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 33 (1975). 383–391.
CAHILL, Holger. New Horizons in American Art. Nueva York: Museum of Modern Art, 1936.
CROCE, Benedetto. “Intorno all’estetica del Dewey”. La Critica 38 (1940). 348-353.
DE HART MATHEWS, Jane. “Arts and the People: The New Deal Quest for Cultural Democracy”. The Journal of American History 62.2 (1975). 316-339.
DEL CASTILLO, Ramon. “La corrosión de la experiencia. Populismo, abstracción y cultura de masas. En ARENAS, L., FAERNA, M., DEL CASTILLO, R. (eds.), John Dewey. Una estética de este mundo. Zaragoza: Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 2018. 77-96.
DEWEY, John. Democracy and Education. The Collected Works of John Dewey. Middle Works, 9. J.A. Boydston (ed.). Carbondale y Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1980 [1916].
----. “Individuality as Experience”. The Collected Works of John Dewey. Later Works, 1. J.A. Boydston (ed.). Carbondale y Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1983 [1925]: 1-6.
----. “Affective Thought”. The Collected Works of John Dewey. Later Works, 1. J.A. Boydston (ed.). Carbondale y Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1983 [1925]: 3-9.
----. “Art in Education-Education in Art”. The Collected Works of John Dewey. Later Works, 2. J.A. Boydston (ed.). Carbondale y Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1984 [1926]: 111-115.
----. The Public and Its Problems. The Collected Works of John Dewey. Later Works, 2. J.A. Boydston (ed.). Carbondale y Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1984 [1927].
----. “What Is It All About?”. The Collected Works of John Dewey. Later Works, 6. J.A. Boydston (ed.). Carbondale y Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1985 [1931]: 330-334.
----. “New Deal Program Must Be Appraised”. The Collected Works of John Dewey. Later Works, 9. J.A. Boydston (ed.). Carbondale y Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1986 [1933]: 281-282.
----. “Introduction to Challenge to the New Deal”. The Collected Works of John Dewey. Later Works, 9. J.A. Boydston (ed.). Carbondale y Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1986 [1934]: 297-299.
----. El arte como experiencia. J. Claramonte (trad.). Barcelona: Paidos, 2008 [1934].
DÍAZ, Eva. The Experimenters: Chance and Design at Black Mountain College. Chicago y Londres: University of Chicago Press, 2015.
DREON, Roberta. Fuori dalla torre d’avorio: l’estetica inclusiva di John Dewey oggi. Génova y Milán: Marietti, 2012.
---------. “Was Art as Experience Socially Effective? Dewey, the Federal Art Project and Abstract Expressionism”. The European Journal of Pragmatism 5 (2013). 279-292.
FISHER, Jonathan. “The Life and Work of the College: Towards the History of Black Mountain College as an Institution of Progressive Higher Education”. Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Educación. Universidad de British Columbia, 2013.
FÜSSL, Karl-Heinz. “Pestalozzi in Dewey’s Realm? Bauhaus Master Josef Albers among the German‐ speaking Emigrés’ Colony at Black Mountain College (1933–1949)”. Pedagogica Historica 42.1-2 (2006). 77-92.
HAPGOOD, Susan. Neo-Dada: Redefining Art, 1958-1962. Nueva York: American Foundation of Arts, 1994.
HARDING, James M. The Ghosts of the Avant-Garde(s): Exorcising Experimental Theatre and Performance. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 2013.
HICKMAN, L. (ed.). The Correspondence of John Dewey. Vols. II y III. Charlottesville: Intelex, 2008.
HIGGINS, Hannah y ABELL, Jeff. “Hannah Higgins Interviewed by Jeff Abell”. Mouth to Mouth, Winter 2004, http://mouthtomouthmag.com/higgins.html. Web. Último acceso: 03 de febrero de 2019.
HIGGINS, Hannah. Fluxus Experience. Berkeley y Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2002.
HOPKINS, David. “Art and Life… and Death: Marcel Duchamp, Robert Morris and the Neo-Vanguarde Irony”. Neo-Avant-Garde. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2006: 19-36.
JACOB, Mary Jane. Dewey for Artists. Chicago y Londres: The University of Chicago Press, 2018.
JAY, Martin. “Somaesthetics and Democracy: Dewey and Contemporary Body Art”. Journal of Aesthetic Education 36 (2002). 55–69.
JEFFERS, Wendy. “Holger Cahill and American Art”. Archives of American Art Journal 31.4 (1991). 2-11.
KATGENS-CRAIG, Margaret. The Bauhaus and America: First Contacts (1919-1936). Cambridge y Londres: MIT Press, 1999.
MAVIGLIANO, George T. “The Federal Art Project: Holger Cahill Program of Action”. Art Education 37.3 (1984). 26-30.
MUMFORD, Lewis. The Golden Day: A Study in American Experience and Culture. Nueva York: Horace Liveright, 1926.
PEPPER, Stephen. “Some Questions on Dewey's Aesthetics”. The Philosophy of John Dewey. Evanston: Northwestern University, 1939. 369–390.
PERROW, Charles. “Drinking Deep at Black Mountain College”. Southern Cultures 19.4 (2013). 76-94.
PIRÓN, François. “Se rire de l'échec: le pragmatisme de George Maciunas”. Revue Initiales 1 (2009). 27-32.
REYNOLDS, Katherine C. “Progressive Ideals and Experimental Higher Education: The Example of John Dewey and Black Mountain College”. Education and Culture 14.1 (1997).1-9.
ROBINS, Alexander. “Aesthetics Experience and Art Appreciation: A Pragmatic Account”. Tesis para optar al grado de Doctor en Filosofía. Universidad de Emory, Atlanta, 2015.
SENALDI, Marco. “Art as Experience e l’arte contemporanea”. Esperienza estetica a partire da John Dewey. Palermo: Centro Internazionale Studi di Estetica, 2007. 49-60.
TRASK, Jeffrey. Things American: Art Museums and Civic Culture in the Progressive Era. Filadelfia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012.
UENO, Masamichi. Democratic Education and the Public Sphere: Towards John Dewey’s Theory of Aesthetic Experience. Nueva York: Routledge, 2016.
WESTBROOK, Robert B. John Dewey and American Democracy. Ithaca y Londres: Cornell University Press, 1991.
WIAME, Aline. “L’art comme expérience et la pragmatique du spectateur: entre performance et philosophie”. Tangence 108 (2015). 13-27.
